Introduction: According to literature review, incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) which is one of the most common infectious complication in kidney transplant recipients was 25%-75%. The incidence is related to various factors including age, gender difference, immunosuppression type and amount and kidney function. This study was conducted because the prognosis of kidney transplant recipients after treatment for UTI has not been studied in Mongolia.
Methods: From 2018 to 2022, a total of 145 patients who received kidney transplants at the first central hospital of Mongolia participated in this study. This cross-sectional study evaluated incidence and pattern of urinary tract infection among kidney transplant recipients. We divided study participants into 2 groups regarding whether diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Participants demographic data, comorbidity and bacterial isolation data were collected. All analyses were performed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 145 patients, 97 (66.8%) patients suffered from urinary tract infections. Study participants’ mean age was 37±11 years and 78.6% was woman. There was no statistical difference among study 2 groups by age and body mass index. 94 (96.9%) patients were woman in case group, on the contrary, 3 (3.1%) patients were male (P<0.001). 114 (78.6%) patients underwent living donation kidney transplantation. Main cause of kidney transplantation was glomerulopathy consisting of 88.3% of total participants. All patients received intravenous basiliximab as their induction agent. Total 47 patients’ urinary pathogen on urine culture were recorded. Most common isolates was gram negative Enterobacteriaceae. E. coli was the leading pathogen and was found in 15 cultures followed by E. faecium (n = 9) and K.Pneumoniae (n = 8). According to types of urinary tract infection, 18 (35.3%) patients were treated as uncomplicated UTI and 16 (31.4%) patients diagnosed with asymptomatic bacteriuria. 
Conclusion: The incidence of urinary tract infections is high in renal transplant recipients, especially male recipients in Mongolia. Therefore, prevention and effective management of UTI are crucial in practice of renal transplantation. Our study result conclusion is improve prevention treatment of urinary tract infection in Mongolia such us use the Bactrim.