The suicide heart: Primary graft dysfunction and mortality after heart transplantation
Samuel P Steffen1, Aichah Ahmad E Orra1, Fabio A Gaiotto1, Shirlyne F Gaspar1, Domingos Dias L Filho1, Ronaldo Santos1, Fernando Bacal1, Fabio B Jatene1.
1Transplant Center , Heart Institute - University of São Paulo Medical School , São Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: Suicide is a complex phenomenon that encompasses complex psychosocial factors and that has an increasing incidence in the Americas, however, the use of these organs constitutes the minority of donations for organ transplants. Recent studies with the donation of organs from suicidal donors for kidney, liver and lung transplants showed no difference in mortality and graft dysfunction when compared to non-suicidal donors. In heart transplantation, there is a lack of data related to the inclusion of suicidal donors.
Objective: To assess whether heart transplantation with a suicidal donor is associated with higher rates of primary graft dysfunction and mortality compared with non-suicidal donors.
Methodology: In 2020 and 2021, a 105 transplants were performed, and 97 patients were included in this analysis. Data on donor and recipient were obtained pre, intra and postoperatively. Comparisons were performed using ANOVA or Mann-Whitney Test and the Chi-square Test with the R statistical program. Data with statistical significance were considered positive for values of p < 0.05.
Results: Of the 97 heart transplants analyzed, 6 were from suicidal donors (6.2%) and 91 from non-suicidal donors (93.8%). Comparing the two groups (recipients who received hearts from suicidal donors vs. recipients transplanted with hearts from non-suicidal donors), we observed that there is no statistically significant difference in terms of intraoperative times. However, postoperatively, there was a greater need for ECMO use (33.3% vs 4.4%; p=0.036), a higher incidence of PGD (66.7% vs 19.8%; p<0 .05) and higher incidence of death within 30 days (50% vs 3.3%, p<0.05) in the group that recieved hearts from suicidal donors.
Conclusions: These results constitute the first retrospective study to demonstrate an association between heart transplantation with a suicidal donor and a greater chance of primary graft dysfunction and death within 30 days. The absence of robust literature indicates the need for further research in this field in order to explore this finding.
We would like to thank the support of the Clinical Group of the Adult Heart Transplant Team, as well as the Nursing Staff of the Transplant Center of the Heart Institute (InCor) - HCFMUSP.