Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a prevalent complication observed in patients undergoing coronary artery angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite advancements in preventive measures, CIN remains a significant concern due to its association with prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity, and higher mortality rates. Empagliflozin, an inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), has demonstrated renoprotective effects in various clinical contexts, suggesting its potential benefit in preventing CIN.
Method: A triple-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted involving 200 patients undergoing elective CAG or PCI. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a single prophylactic dose of empagliflozin or a placebo before the procedure. Serum creatinine levels were monitored before and after the intervention, with statistical analysis conducted to compare the incidence of CIN between the two groups. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully considered.
Results: Analysis of the study data revealed a significantly lower incidence of CIN among patients who received empagliflozin compared to those who received the placebo. The protective effect of empagliflozin against CIN was particularly notable, indicating its potential as a preventive measure in this clinical setting. Potential mechanisms underlying this protective effect include empagliflozin-induced diuresis and suppression of inflammation, which may mitigate the nephrotoxic effects of contrast media.
Conclusion: Administration of empagliflozin before elective CAG or PCI procedures appears to be a promising strategy for preventing CIN. Further research is needed to optimize dosing regimens and elucidate the mechanisms of action, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients undergoing these procedures.