Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for many patients with organ failure. However, the benefits of transplantation have not been enjoyed by all who are eligible for one. This theme session will discuss the challenges and potential factors that drive inequity in access to care and transplantation. The first talk provides an overview of the application artificial intelligence to improve equitable access to solid organ transplantation and better serve patients from disadvantaged backgrounds. The second talk describes the many barriers to transplantation in Africa, and strategies to close the gap. The third talk focuses on the important differences in kidney allograft outcomes by recipient sex, age, and donor sex, and defines how these interactions may impact on longer-term patient and graft survival.